FLY AND BOTTOM ASH

 

 

 

         The ECOBIK® influence of the resulting products of combustion was evident in all applications tested.

         In all cases, the quantities of fly and bottom ash with ECOBIK® were lower than before ECOBIK®, and parameters that changed were: pH being always changed towards a value closer to neutral pH and the quantity of carbon in ash was always reduced.

         The quantities of certain elements resulting from the combustion were lowered in the following way:

 

         For combustion of heavy liquid fuels (removed deposits were analyzed):

            - total sulfur by 60%;

            - dioxide of silica by 25%;

            - calcium oxide by 90%;

            - magnesium oxide by 90%;

            - sodium oxide by 75%;

            - potassium oxide by 50%;

            - vanadium oxide by 85%;

 

         For coal combustion, interesting findings of the fly and bottom ash were obtained, especially changes in the amounts of some heavy metals within fly and bottom ash, for example:

 

Metals Variation Observation (provider opinion)
Fly Ash [%] Bottom Ash [%] Total
Chrome - 5 - 90 - 35 Is deposited, as a protective layer, on the metalic surfaces of the heat exchangers
Lead + 50 - 90 - Changes from inferior oxidation state forming lighter compounds
Manganese - - 85 - 50 Is deposited, as a protective layer, on the metalic surfaces of the heat exchangers
Nickel - 25 - 90 - 50 Is deposited, as a protective layer, on the metalic surfaces of the heat exchangers
Zinc - 15 - 90 - 50 Is deposited, as a protective layer, on the metalic surfaces of the heat exchangers
Calcium - 80 - 65 - 70 The refractory erosion/corrosion is reduced
Magnesium - 30 - 10 - 15 Is combined into amalgams of lead and mercury.
Arsenic - 99 - 99 - 99 Is combined into arsenic tri-sulphide  lighter and non-toxic
Mercury + 220 + 620 + 250 Is combined into heavy amalgams and are not emitted any more into the atmosphere

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Particulate & heavy metals effects = BONUS

 

 

 

 

 

        The results are from the combustion of waste bituminous coal, with high levels of sulfur (3% to 5%), initial ash about 50% in fluidized bed combustion.